Which of the following refers to the study of population characteristics?

Demographics refers to the statistical study of populations, specifically focusing on characteristics such as age, gender, race, income, education, and employment status. This field examines how these characteristics influence societal trends and behaviors, making it critical for understanding market dynamics, public policy, and social issues. By analyzing demographic data, researchers can identify patterns and make informed decisions based on the composition and changes within a population.

In contrast, epidemiology generally pertains to the study of health-related states and events in populations, often focusing on the distribution and determinants of health issues. Socioeconomics investigates the relationship between economic activity and social behavior, but it is more concerned with how economic factors affect social structures rather than describing the population itself. Cultural studies examine cultural phenomena, focusing on the context and implications of cultural practices rather than the underlying demographic statistics. Thus, the choice that accurately captures the essence of studying population characteristics is demographics.