What does organizational communication primarily refer to?

Organizational communication primarily refers to the ways information flows within an organization. This includes the processes of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages between individuals and groups at various levels, which are crucial for a company's functioning. Understanding the dynamics of communication flow helps improve collaboration, efficiency, and clarity in tasks and responsibilities.

Effective communication within an organization impacts decision-making, conflict resolution, and overall organizational culture. It encompasses both vertical communication—such as how information travels from managers to employees and vice versa—and horizontal communication, which occurs among peers. This flow of information is essential for achieving common goals and fostering a productive work environment.

While other options touch on aspects related to organizational communication, such as employee-management relationships, marketing strategies, or the formal structure, they do not encompass the overall concept of communication flow, which is central to understanding how an organization operates and communicates internally.