What are networks established for minority groups to promote advancement and leadership called?

The correct answer is "minority employee networks," which refers to specific groups or networks formed within organizations to support, promote, and advance the careers of minority employees. These networks create a sense of community and belonging for individuals who may otherwise experience isolation in a predominantly homogeneous work environment.

Minority employee networks serve several critical functions, including providing mentoring opportunities, fostering professional development, and advocating for diversity within the organization. By bringing together individuals with similar backgrounds or experiences, these networks can help members navigate organizational challenges and enhance their visibility and leadership potential.

In contrast, the other options do not specifically refer to networks aimed at promoting advancement for minority groups. The "glass ceiling" represents the invisible barriers that prevent women and minorities from rising to upper management positions. "Mentoring relationships" can be beneficial but do not necessarily focus exclusively on minority groups. "Tokenism" refers to minimal efforts to include minority individuals to give an appearance of diversity, without genuine support for their advancement. Therefore, minority employee networks clearly encapsulate the concept of organized support for underrepresented groups in the workplace.